SCOLIOSIS IN CHILDREN

SCOLIOSIS IN CHILDREN

Scoliosis is a condition characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine exceeding 10 degrees, representing a truly three-dimensional deformity. In children, scoliosis most commonly appears during adolescence, coinciding with rapid growth periods. It typically manifests as a curvature of the vertebrae in the lumbar (lower back) or thoracic (chest) region, causing the spine to form a C or S shape, deviating from its natural alignment.

Scoliosis in children is categorized into several types, with idiopathic scoliosis being the most common. Idiopathic scoliosis refers to scoliosis of unknown cause.

2-most common type is neuromuscular scoliosis, which is associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy.

3-most common type is congenital scoliosis, resulting from spinal development issues or bone anomalies.

Another category is syndromic scoliosis, which occurs in association with various syndromes.

Each type requires a different approach, and solutions should be tailored based on individual patient evaluations.

Idiopathic scoliosis, the most common type, typically appears during adolescence and is often noticed during rapid growth phases. It is more prevalent in girls than boys. Idiopathic scoliosis is further classified based on age into infantile (0-2 years), juvenile (3-9 years), adolescent (10-17 years), and adult (18 years and older). Each age group has its own treatment algorithm for idiopathic scoliosis.

The treatment of scoliosis generally varies depending on the severity of the condition, the child's age, and other factors. The treatment plan should be managed by a team consisting of family, child, spine surgeons, physiotherapists, physical therapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists.

 Treatment Options:

 Observation:

In mild cases of scoliosis, doctors may monitor the child's development and assess whether the curvature is progressing. This follow-up process occurs every three months during rapid growth periods (first three years and adolescence) and every six months until growth is complete.

 Physical Therapy:

In certain cases of scoliosis, physiotherapists may recommend muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises along with posture correction exercises.

Bracing:

Special orthotic devices, called braces, may be used to prevent scoliosis from progressing. These braces support the child's spine and attempt to correct the curvature.

Surgical Intervention:

If scoliosis is severe or if other treatment methods are ineffective, surgical intervention may be considered. In growing children, surgical treatment should allow for spinal growth, with final surgery performed once growth is complete.

Each case is unique, and the treatment plan should be individually tailored. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist to determine the best treatment option for a child's scoliosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can manage most cases of scoliosis, ensuring that the child's quality of life is not adversely affected.