CERVICAL SPINAL STENOSIS

Cervical spinal canal stenosis, medically known as cervical spinal stenosis, refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck region. The spinal canal is a cavity within the spine that houses the spinal cord. Surrounding the spinal canal are vertebrae, disc tissue, and ligaments that stabilize the spine.

The narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck area is usually associated with the aging process and can be caused by several factors:

• Disc Degeneration: The deterioration and narrowing of the discs in the spinal canal with age.
• Bone Spurs (Osteophytes): Bone growths that protrude into the spinal canal.
• Ligament Thickening: Thickening of the ligaments surrounding the spinal canal.
• Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of the joints between the vertebrae.
• Intervertebral Disc Herniation: Cracking of the outer layer of the discs and protrusion of the inner cartilage tissue into the spinal canal.

These processes result in the narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the nerve roots, leading to various symptoms. The symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis may include:

•  Pain: Pain in the head, neck, shoulders, and arms.
• Weakness: Loss of strength in the shoulders, arms, and hands, sometimes affecting the legs.
• Balance and Coordination Issues: Pressure on the spinal cord can cause imbalance and loss of coordination.
• Walking Difficulties: Weakness and loss of coordination in the legs due to nerve compression.
• Numbness in Hands and Arms: Numbness and tingling in the hands and arms due to nerve compression.
• Hand Dexterity Impairment: Severe symptoms may include weakness in the arms and legs, urinary incontinence, and bowel control issues, depending on the severity of spinal cord compression.

Cervical spinal canal stenosis can also cause various unusual symptoms, such as numbness, tingling, excessive sweating, altered perception of temperature, and weakness on one side of the body.

Treatment for cervical spinal stenosis usually depends on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's overall health condition. Conservative treatment options may include physical therapy, medications, and exercise programs. In severe cases or if symptoms persist, surgical intervention may be considered. There are many surgical techniques available, and the most suitable approach will be determined based on a preoperative evaluation of the patient's spinal canal compression location, size, age, neck structure, alignment, and mobility. Consulting with a spine surgeon is crucial to develop an individualized treatment plan.