Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition where the vertebrae in the lower back slip out of their normal alignment. Medically, it is called "spondylolisthesis." This condition often leads to symptoms such as lower back pain, leg pain, and loss of strength in the legs.

What is Lumbar Spondylolisthesis?

Lytic Spondylolisthesis: This type commonly occurs in adolescents and young adults. The ligaments and bone tissue between the vertebrae weaken or break, causing the vertebrae to slip over each other. It should be considered in adolescents, young adults, and athletes with back pain, and these individuals should be seen by a specialist.

Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: This type occurs due to the aging and deterioration of the spine.

Symptoms of lumbar spondylolisthesis can range from none to severe, including lower back pain, leg pain, weakness in the legs, numbness, and loss of sensation in the legs. Additionally, pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots can cause muscle weakness in the legs or loss of bladder and bowel control. Each patient must be individually evaluated, so those with these symptoms should seek expert medical advice promptly.

How is Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Surgically Treated?

Surgical treatment options for lumbar spondylolisthesis include:

• If lumbar spondylolisthesis only causes back pain, conservative treatments and injection therapies should be tried first. If these treatments are ineffective and the pain severely affects the quality of life, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include procedures to stabilize the vertebrae that have slipped.
• In cases with severe leg pain and loss of strength in the legs due to nerve compression, surgeries to relieve the nerve compression are possible. Surgeries that involve placing screws and cages between the vertebrae are also recommended.

Only a small percentage of lumbar spondylolisthesis patients require surgery. This process should be managed by a specialist.

When is Surgery Necessary for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis?

The treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis depends on the severity of the symptoms, the patient's age, and overall health. Surgery is typically considered in the following situations:

• Progressive Strength Loss:Surgery is recommended if there is significant strength loss due to severe pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
• Severe Pain and Quality of Life Impact: If lumbar spondylolisthesis causes severe pain and significantly affects daily life, surgery may be considered.
• Persistent Symptoms: Surgery may be considered if leg pain, tingling, and weakness become constant and do not respond to conservative treatment.
• Neurological Problems: Surgery may be necessary if there are neurological issues due to pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots, such as urinary incontinence or muscle weakness.
• The necessity for surgery is determined through a detailed evaluation by a specialist.